The mediating role of organizational trust in the effect of toxic leadership on job satisfaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1144Keywords:
Health employee, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Trust, Toxic LeadershipAbstract
Toxic leadership refers to the sum of the negative aspects of leaders within their leadership traits. Narcissistic leadership is a multidimensional structure that includes charismatic leadership and authoritarian leadership types. Toxic leaders can harm the organization, employees, and society in which they work. This research aims to determine the toxic characteristics of leaders working in public universities and to extract the attribute of organizational trust in job satisfaction. Turkey's Istanbul made the data collected through face-to-face survey research methods in 470 people working in the public university hospital in the province were analyzed by analysis methods used in social sciences. As a result of the analysis, a negative significant relationship between toxic leadership and organizational trust, a negative significant relationship between toxic leadership and job satisfaction and its sub-dimensions, and a positive significant relationship between organizational trust and job satisfaction and its sub-dimensions were found. Toxic leadership affects managerial job satisfaction and company policy-based job satisfaction through the full set of organizational trust. In addition, toxic leadership has also been found to be effective on job satisfaction arising from employees through partial organizational trustDownloads
References
Akça, ? & Tuzcuo?lu , F. (2020). Toksik liderli?in üretkenlik kar??t? i? davran??lar? ve i?ten ayr?lma niyeti üzerindeki etkisine yönelik bir model önerisi, Journal of Life Economics,7(3),257-268 E - ISSN: 2148-4139 URL: https://www.journals.gen.tr/jlecon https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.019
Allum, F. (2011). Silvio Berlusconi and his ‘toxic’ touch. Representation, 47(3), 281- 294. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2011.596434
Appelbaum H. S., & Girard. D.R. (2007). Toxins in the workplace: effect on organizations and employees corporate governance. The International Journal of Business in Society, 7(1), 17-28. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/14720700710727087/full/htm
Babada?, M., & Arli, O.E. (2018). Duygusal tükenme ile örgütsel ba?l?l?k aras?ndaki ili?kide i? tatmininin arac? rolü , Uluslararas? ?dari ve ?ktisadi Bilimler Dergisi, (17.UIKÖzel say?s?), 167-182, ISSN 1307-9832. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.432875
Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:
Conceptual. Strategic and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173-1182 https://doi.org/10.1037 // 0022-3514. 15.6.1173
Batmanta?, H.,& Örücü, E. (2018). Örgütsel güven ile sinizm aras?ndaki ili?ki: bir uygulama, Sosyal Ekonomik Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi ,18(36),198-214, https://doi.org/10.30976/susead.399087
Bowman, C., & Ambrosini, V. (2000). Value creation versus value capture: towards a coherent definition of value in strategy. British Journal of Management, 11(1),1-15, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00147
Bozkurt, S., Çoban, Ö., & Çolako?lu, M. H. (2020). Örgütsel güven düzeyi ve toksik liderlik davran??lar? ili?kisinde örgütsel ba?l?l???n arac? etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi E?itim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(3), 704-719. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE. 2018045608
Burton, J.B., Taylor, S.G., & Barber, L.K. (2014). Understanding internal, external, and relational attributions for abusive supervision. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior,35,871-891, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/job.1939?casa_token
Büyüky?lmaz, O., Karakulle, ?., & Karata?, ?. (2018). Örgütsel kariyer yönetiminin duygusal ba?l?l?k üzerindeki etkisinde i? tatmininin arac?l?k rolü. Çank?r? Karatekin Üniversitesi ?IBF Dergisi, 8(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.310160
Chowdhury, P.P. (2012). Antecedents and consequences of trust and commitment in b2b relationship: A Review of Literature. Perspective, 4(2),49-63 file:///C:/Users/nurgu/Downloads/Antecedents-and-Consequences-of-Trust-and-Commitment%20(6).pdf
Churchill, G., Ford, N. M., & Walker, O. C. (1974). Measuring the job satisfaction of industrial salesmen. Journal of Marketing Research, 1(3), 254-260, , https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377401100303
Coccia, C. (1998), Avoiding a toxic organization. Nursing Management, 29(5), 32-33 https://europepmc.org/article/med/9807410, ile:///C:/Users/nurgu/Downloads/Avoiding_a__Toxic__Organization.8.pdf ,6700ab3ab3491c154bd3fc4
Cortina Lilia M. & Vizki J. Magley. ( 2003). Raising voice, risking retaliation: events following interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(4),247-265 doi: 10.1037 / 1076-8998.8.4.247https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.518.3744&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Comer, J.M., Machleit, K.A., & Lagece ,R.A.( 1989).Psychometric assessment of a reduced version of indsales. Journal of Business Research, 18, (4), 291-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(89)90023-4
Currivan, D. B. (1999). The causal order of job sat?sfact?on and organ?zat?onal comm?tment in models of employee turnover. Human Resource Management Review, 9(4), 495 – 524 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00031-5
Çankaya, M. (2019). Sa?l?k çal??anlar?nda toksik liderlik alg?s?. Sosyal, Be?eri ve ?dari Bilimler Alan?nda Akademik Çal??malar-3 (s. 265-281) , https://www.gecekitapligi.com/Webkontrol/uploads/Fck/sosyal3_3.pdf
https://www.gecekitapligi.com/Webkontrol/uploads/Fck/sosyal3_3.pdf
https://hdl.handle.net/11491/5790
Çelebi, N., Güner, H., & Y?ld?z, G. (2015).Toksik liderlik ölçe?inin geli?tirilmesi. Bart?n Üniversitesi E?itim Fakültesi Dergisi ,4(1), 249 - 268, https://doi.org/10.14686/BUEFAD.2015111056, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/43673
Çetinkaya, H. (2017). Okul yöneticilerinin toksik (zehirli) liderlik davran??lar? ile ö?retmenlerin tükenmi?lik düzeyleri aras?ndaki ili?ki, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, yüksek lisans tezi, Denizli
Dellasega, C. & Volpe, R. L. (2013). Toxic nursing: managing bullying, bad attitudes, and total turmoil. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau https://books.google.com.tr/books ISBN:9781937554422
Demir, B. (2019). Toksik liderlik alg?s?n?n örgütsel sessizlik, duygusal ba?l?l?k ile görev performans? aras?ndaki ili?ki. Beykent Üniversitesi Lisansüstü E?itim Enstitüsü ??letme Anabilim Dal? ??letme Yönetimi Bilim Dal?,Doktora Tezi,?stanbul
Demir. B (2020). Örgütlerde toksik lider ve toksik ili?kiler, Balkan ve Yak?n Do?u Sosyal BilimlerDergisi,06(SpecialIssue),31-35, http://www.ibaness.org/bnejss/2020_06_special_issue/05_Demir.pdf
Demircan, N, A. (2003). Örgütsel güvenin bir ara de?i?ken olarak örgütsel ba?l?l?k üzerindeki etkisi: E?itim sektöründe bir uygulama, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji ,Sosyal bilimler Enstitüsü. doktora tezi Gebze.
Erdal N. (2020). Sa?lik çali?anlarinda örgütsel güven ve örgütsel vatanda?li?in i? tatmini üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi: bir üniversite hastanesi örne?i Beykent Üniversitesi Lisansüstü E?itim Enstitüsü ??letme Anabilim Dal? ??letme Yönetimi Bilim Dal?, Doktora Tezi,?stanbul
Erdal, N., & Altindag, E. (2020). Research on the effects of job satisfaction on organizational trust and organizational citizenship in health workers: a case study of university hospitals. Journal of Management, Marketing and Logistics (JMML), 7(3), 124-142. Permanent link to this document: http://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1285
Eri?, Y., (2019). Toksik liderli?in örgütdel ba?l?l??a ve i? tatminine etkisi : Bir kamu bankas? Örne?i,Tekirda? Nam?k Kemal Üniversitesi,Sosyal bilimler enstütüsü,i?letme anabilim dal? Yükseklisans tezi
Eri?, Y., & Arun, K. (2020). Liderin karanl?k yüzü: toksik liderlik davran??lar?n?n çal??anlar?n i? tatminine etkisi, ??letme Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 12 (2), 1861-1877, https://doi.org/ 10.20491/ isarder.2020.949
Erkutlu, H.V. & Chafra, J. 2006. Relationship between leadership power bases and job stress of subordinates: example from boutique hotels. Management Research News, 29(5), 285-297 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01409170610674419/full/pdf?
Erkutlu, H., & Chafra, J. (2017). Leaders' narcissism and organizational cynicism in healthcare organizations. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 10(5), 346–363. https://doi. org/10.1108/IJWHM-12-2016-0090
Filiz, M., & Bardakç?, S. (2020). Sa?lik çali?anlarinin örgütsel iklim algilari ve örgütsel güven düzeyleri arasindaki ili?kinin incelenmesi: Artvin ili örne?i, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,19( 73),436-449,DO?: 10177551esosder 587613
Frost, P.J. (2003). Emotions in the workplace and the important role of toxin handlers, Ivey Business Journal, 68(2),1-6. https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/emotions-in-the-workplace-and-the-important-role-of-toxin-handlers/
Frost, P. J. (2004). Handling toxic emotions: New challenges for leaders and their organization. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 111-127. http://home.mycybernet.net/~taylors/Publish/toxic%20emotions.pdf
Gilbert, J. A., & Tang, T. L.-P. (1998). An Examination of Organizational Thrust Antecedents. Public Personnel Management, 27 (3), 321-338 https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700303
Ghosh, R., Jacobs, J. L., & Reio, T. G. (2011). The Toxic Continuum From Incivility to Violence: What Can HRD Do?. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13(1), 3-9 https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422311410641
Green, J. E. (2014). Toxic leadership in educational organizations, Education Leadership Review, 15(1), 18-33. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1105504, ERIC Numaras?: EJ1105504
Goldman, A. (2006). High toxicity leadership borderline personality disorder and the dysfunctional organization. Journal of ManagerialPsychology, 21,733-746.http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940610713262
Goldman, A. (2011). Demagogue to dialogue: An alternative to toxic leadership in corporate downsizings. Organizational Dynamics,40(3),235—241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2011.04.011
Gül, H., & A??röz, A. (2011). Mobbing ve örgütsel sinizm aras?ndaki ili?kiler: hem?ireler üzerine bir uygulama. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi ??BF Dergisi, 8 (2), 27-47. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/18914
Gün, ?., & Söyük, S., (2017). Sa?l?k kurulu?lar?nda örgüt iklimi ve örgütsel güven aras?ndaki ili?ki. Ac?badem Sa?l?k Bilimleri Dergisi , 8 (1), 40-48. ile:///C:/Users/nurgu/Downloads/Saglik_Kuruluslarinda_Orgut_Iklimi_ve_Or.pdf
Davis.K .(Çev. Kemal Tosun ve di?erleri), ??letmede ?nsan Davran???- Örgütsel Davran??, (?.Ü. ??letme Fakültesi Ya., Ya. No:136, ?stanbul: 1984), s.6.
Hadadian, Z., & Sayadpour, Z. (2018). Relationship between toxic leadership and job related affective well-being: The mediating role of job stress. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 7(1), 137–145, ISSN 1805-3602 https://european-science.com/eojnss_proc/article/view/5398
Hanges, P.J. (2014). An examination of toxic leadership, job outcomes, and the impact of military deployment.Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Hoffman, E. P., & Sergio, R. P. (2020). Undastanding the effects of toxic leadership on expatriates' readiness for innovation: An uzbekistan case the effects of toxic leadership on expatriates' readiness for innovation: An Uzbekistan case IEECA. doi:10.15549/jeecar.v7i1.360
Hyson, C. M. (2016). Relationship between destructive leadership behaviors and employee turnover. Walden University (Dissertation). https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2830
?nan, ?. E., & Çelik, E. (2018). Alg?lanan örgütsel güven ve i? tatmini: Kastamonu ?li özel ve kamu bankalarinda bir uygulama. INJOSOS AL-Farabi Uluslararas? Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,2 (3),23-52, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/528482
?zgüden, D., Eroymak, S., & Erdem, R. (2016). sa?lik kurumlarinda görülen toksik liderlik davrani?lari: bir üniversite hastanesi örne?i. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 2016 Özel Say? , 262-276 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bsbd/issue/43860/539476
Kalemci Tüzün, ?. (2007). Güven, örgütsel güven ve örgütsel güven modelleri . Karamano?lu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi,2007(2),93-118 . Https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kmusekad/issue/10223/125677
Kasalak, G. & Aksu, M. B. (2016). Örgütler nas?l zehirlenir? ö?retim elemanlar?n?n örgütsel toksisite alg?lar?. Hacettepe Üniversitesi E?itim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(4), 676-694, doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2016015696
Kalleberg, A. L. (1977). Work Values and Job Rewards: A Theory of Job Satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42(1),124-143 .https://doi.org/10.2307/2117735
Kesken, J., & Ayy?ld?z, N. A. (2008). Liderlik Yaklasimlarinda Yeni Perspektifler: Pozitif ve Otantik Liderlik, Ege Academic Review, Ege University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 8(2), 729-754. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ege/journl/v8y2008i2p729-754.html.
K?l?ç, M. (2019). X ve Y Ku?aklar?ndaki Toksik Liderlik Alg?lar?n?n Örgütsel Ba?l?l?k, Psikolojik ?yi Olu? ve Bireysel Performans Üzerindeki Yans?malar?. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, ??letme Anabilim Dal?, Yönetim ve Organizasyon Bilim Dal?,yaynlanm? Doktora Tezi
K?l?ç, M., & Günsel, A. (2019). The dark side of the leadership: The effects of toxic leaders on employees. European Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2019.v2i2-64
K?rbaç, M. (2013). E?itim örgütlerinde toksik liderlik.?nönü Üniversitesi, yay?nlanmam?? yüksek lisans tezi Malatya
Koç, H., & Yaz?c?o?lu, ?. (2011). Yöneticiye duyulan güven ile i? tatmini arasindaki ili?ki: kamu ve özel sektör kar??la?t?rmas?. Do?u? Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12 (1), 46-57 https://openaccess.dogus.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11376/247/koc.pdf?sequence
Kusy, M., & Holloway, E. (2009). Toxic workplace: Managing toxic personalities and their systems of power. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl
Labrague, L. J., Nwafor, C. E., & Tsaras, K. (2020). Influence of toxic and transformational leadership practices on nurses' job satisfaction, job stress, absenteeism and turnover intention: A cross-sectional study. Journal Nursing Management. 2020;28:1104–1113. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.1305
Too, L., & Harwey, M. (2012). “TOXIC” workplaces: the negative interface between the physical and social environments. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 14(3), 171–181 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/14630011211285834/full/html?utm
Lubit, R. (2004). The tyranny of toxic Managers: An emotional intelligence approach to dealing with difficult personalities, Ivey Business Journal,14-34. https://www.csueastbay.edu/diversity/files/docs/ombuds-resource-articles/the-tyranny-of-toxic-managers_-an-emotional-intelligence-approach-to-dealing-with-difficult- personalities-.pdf
Loke, J. C. F. (2001).Leadership behaviours: effects on job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment, Journal of Nursing Management, 9, 191-204,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-2834.2001.00231.x
Nyhan, R. C., & Marlowe, H. A. (1997). Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory, Evaluation Review, 21 ( 5), 614-635, https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X9702100505
O’reilly, C. A., & Caldwell, D. F. (1980). Job Choice: The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors On Subsequent Satisfaction and Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(5), 559-565. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.65.5.559
Örgev, C., & Demir, H. (2019). Toxic leadership in a public university hospital. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 5(8),48-63 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/704975
Örücü, E., & Kambur, E. (2017). Otel çal??anlar?nda örgütsel sessizlik ve örgütsel güven ili?kisi: Band?rma. Uluslararas? Sosyal Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi, 10(52),1109-1123, Doi Number: http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2017.1964
Özdem, G., & Sezer, S. (2019).The relationship between solution –focused school leadership and organizational cynicism, Organizational Commitment and Teachers Job Satisfaction, International Journal of Progressive Education,15( 1), 167-183, DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2019.184.11
Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (Version 12). Allen & Unwin, Sydney 1-318.
Pars ?ener, M. (2017). Okul yöneticilerinin kulland?klar? güç kaynaklar? ile ö?retmenlerin örgütsel güven düzeyleri, On Dokuz May?s Üniversitesi E?itim Bilimleri Fakültesi, yüksek lisans tezi, Samsun
Pelletier, L. K. (2010). Leader toxicity: an empirical investigation of toxic behavior and rhetoric ,Leadership, 6(4),373-389. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1742715010379308.
Pelletier, K. L. (2012). Perceptions of and reactions to leader toxicity: Do leader–follower relationships and identification with victim matter?. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 412–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.011
Rayner, C., & Cooper, C. (1997) Workplace bullying: Myth or reality – Can we afford to ignore it?. Leadership and Organization Development Journal 18(4),211–214 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01437739710182313/full/html?casa.
Reed, G. E. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military Review, 84(4), 67-71 https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35208258/Toxic_Leadership.pdf?1413826270
Reyhano?lu, M., & Ak?n, Ö. (2016). Toksik liderlik örgütsel sa?l??? olumsuz yönde tetikler mi? ?nsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 5(3), 442-459. http://www.itobiad.com/en/download/article-file/206370
Schwepker , J. C. H. (2001). Ethical climate’s relationship to job satisfaction,organizational commitment, and turnover ?ntention in the Salesforce. Journal of Business Research, 54, 39– 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00125-9
Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and Validation of The Toxic Leadership Scale. Master of Science, University of Maryland, College Park, USA https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/8176/umi?sequence
Serdar, E. (2019). ?stismarci yönetimin i? tatmini, ya?am tatmini ve örgütten memnuniyet ile ili?kisi, Sakarya Üniversitesi I?letme Enstitüsü Yükseklisans Tezi,
Skinner, E. W. (1969). Relationship between leadership behavior patterns and organizational situational variables. Personnel Psychology, 22( 4),489-94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1969.tb00350.x
Smith, N., & Lowman, I. F. (2020). Conflict in the workplace: a 10-year review of toxic leadership in higher education, International Journal of Leadership in Education, 23(5), 538-551 ,https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1591512
Shouksmith. G. (1994). Variables related to organizational commitment in health professionals. Psychology Report,74(3),707-711, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.3.707
Starratt, A., & Grandy, G. (2010). Young workers' experiences of abusive leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31(2), 136-158 ttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01437731011024394/full/pdf?casa_toke
Tavanti, M. (2011). Managing toxic leaders: dysfunctional patterns in organizational leadership and how to deal with them. Human Resource Management (HRM), 6, 127-136, https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35395611/2011_Toxic_Leaders.pdf ile:///C:/Users/nurgu/Downloads/HRM(ZZL)_6-2011_Tavanti-M_127-136%20(1).pdf
Tepe, N., & Y?lmaz, G. (2020). Ö?retmenlerin okul iklimi alg?lar?n?n yorday?c?s? olarak okul yöneticilerinin toksik liderlik davran??lar?. OPUS–Uluslararas? Toplum Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi,15(25), 3360-3381, https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.667320 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1083200
Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178-190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556375
Tepper, B. J. (2007). Abusive supervision in work organizations: review, synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Management,33 (3),261-289 https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307300812
Walton, M. (2007). Leadership toxicity - An inevitable affliction of organizations? Organizations&People,14(1),19–27
http://business-school.exeter.ac.uk/documents/papers/leadership/94.pdf
Webster, V., Brough, P., & Daly, K. (2016). Fight, flight or freeze: Common responses for follower coping with toxic leadership. Stress and Health, 32(4), 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2626
Wech, B. A. (2002). Trust context: Effect on organizational citizenship behavior, supervisory fairness, and job satisfaction beyond the influence of leader-member exchange. Business & Society, 41(3), 353-360, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0007650302041003006?casa_token&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjygdXPh5nwAhUHgP0HHXzrBHAQjJkEegQIBRAB
Williams, D. F. (2005). Toxic leadership in the U.S. army (Unpublished master thesis). U.S. Army War College, ABD.
http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/67599/1/493%202018.pdf
Wilson-Starks, K. Y. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership, Inc. Retrieved from http://www.transleadership.com/ToxicLeadership.pdf
Whicker, M. (1996). Toxic leaders: When Organizations Go Bad, Quorum Books, New York, NY: Doubleday
Yava?, A. (2016). Sectoral differences in the perception of toxic leadership. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 267–276. https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/277811/1-s2.0-S1877042816X00158/1-s2.0-S1877042816310722
Yaz?c?o?lu, ?. (2009). Konaklama i?letmelerinde i?görenlerin örgütsel güven duygulari ile i? tatmini ve i?ten ayrilma niyetleri üzerine bir alan ara?tirmas?, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(30),(235-249) https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/70150
Yorulmaz, M., & Karaböcek, A. (2020). Liman çal??anlar?nda örgütsel güven ile i? performans? aras?ndaki ili?ki: i? tatmini ve örgütsel ba?l?l???n rolü, Balkan ve Yak?n Do?u Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 06(2),121-130
You, C. S., Huang, C. C., Wang, H. B., Liu, K. N., Un, C. H., & Tseng, J. S. (2013). The Relationship between corporate social responsibility, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online), 5 (4), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.040
Zagross, H. & Jamileh, Z. (2016). Relationship between toxic leadership and job stress of knowledge workers. Studies in Business and Economics,11(3), 84- 89 http://eccsf.ulbsibiu.ro/RePEc/blg/journl/11307hadadian&zarei.pdf DOI 10.1515/sbe-2016-0037
Zengin, Y. (2019). Karanl?k liderli?in örgütsel seslilik ve i? tatmini üzerindeki etkisi. KAÜ??BFD, 10(19), 310-337. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/749546
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nurgul Erdal, Olkan Budak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
For all articles published in IJRBS, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.
